English Abstract In view of the parliamentary elections in May 1994, the
National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection has
evaluated the environmental effects of the election programmes of six
political parties: CDA, PvdA, VVD, D66, GroenLinks and RPF. This report
presents the findings of the evaluation of the programmes of the first five
parties. The main conclusion of this electroral environmental outlook is
that the proposed environmental policy proposals have more impact than those
mentioned in NEPP-1 and NEPP-2. In the year 2000 most substantial results
are seen for emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), the most important
greenhouse gas. The environmental policy proposals of GroenLinks lead to a
substantial CO2 emissions reduction of the emissions of CO2 to probably
below the 2000 target level. The PvdA and D66 proposals also result in an
additional reduction of the CO2-emissions, but not as large as that realised
by GroenLinks. CDA and VVD proposals have the same impact as NEPP-2
measures. The proposed measures of PvdA and GroenLinks reduce emissions of
acidifying substances (particularly) NOx and SO2) in comparison to both the
NEPP-2 proposals and the environmental policy proposals of the other
parties. However, because of the high emissions from foreign sources and
the emissions of NOx in the Netherlands, none of the political parties will
achieve the acidification (deposition) target. In the year 2010
environmental measures of all parties (except VVD) have more impact than
NEPP-2. PvdA is the only political party able to achieve more environmental
benefits for equal spending. The GroenLinks proposals result in the largest
reduction of CO2-emissions. In comparison to the NEPP-2, full
implementation and enforcement of the election programmes of the different
parties will lead to an additional reducton of emissions of
acidifyingemissions. GroenLinks is most successful in reducing the
emissions of SO2, NOx en NH3. Compared to all other parties the election
programma of GroenLinks lead to the highest additional increase in costs of
environmental policy: 10 percent in aid of the NEPP-2. In addition, all
parties propose more taxes for environmental harmful
activities.
