RIVM carries out studies in the Netherlands on the prevalence of risk factors for such chronic diseases as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, cancer and cardiovascular disorders. These studies include the extent to which such diseases can be prevented through a healthy lifestyle and/or proper attention to risk factors.

Cardiovascular diseases
The major cause of death in the Netherlands is due to cardiovascular disease, such as coronary heart disease and stroke. RIVM investigates the effects of known risk factors such as smoking, lack of exercise, high serum cholesterol, hypertension and overweight, and the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Cancer
The second major cause of death in the Netherlands is cancer. The most common types are lung cancer, breast cancer in women, prostate gland cancer in men and colon cancer. RIVM investigates the prevalence of risk factors such as smoking, poor diet and lack of exercise, and the extent to which cancers can be prevented by a healthier lifestyle. 

Respiratory diseases
RIVM examines risk factors and the course of asthma in children, as well as the increasing burdens associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking  behaviour in the past has its influence on COPD, a respiratory ailment increasing in prevalence among women.

Diabetes
The rising number of people diagnosed with diabetes may well be linked with the increase in obesity and overweight. Early detection of diabetes is very important in preventing complications. RIVM investigates the prevalence of diabetes, and evaluates the costs and effectiveness of prevention.

Musculoskeletal disorders
Many people suffer from musculoskeletal disorders such as neck and shoulder complaints, osteoporosis, arthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. RIVM investigates the prevalence of neck and shoulder complaints, the factors influencing these complaints and the extent to which they can be prevented.