Abstract

Despite great expectations of the influence of the physical environment on nutrition and physical activity, relatively few studies have addressed this association, with the Netherlands clearly showing a backlog in comparison to the United States and Australia. More (Dutch) research is needed to be able to make well-grounded statements on: 1) the relationship between aspects of the physical environment and diet and physical activity; 2) the aspects of particulate importance and 3) whether or not these aspects differ according to the different domains of diet and physical activity. The small number of published studies suggest presence and accessibility of facilities and recreational space and traffic safety as potential determinants of physical activity. The presence of fruit and vegetables in shops forms a potential determinant for fruit and vegetable consumption. These findings come from an extensive review of the literature on environmental determinants of diet and physical activity. Subsequently, indications from the literature were tested on the basis of two large studies from the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, combined with the use of existing objective data on the physical environment. These analyses confirmed findings from the literature. For example, adults in a living environment with more recreational space were more active. Children living in a non-urban environment also spent more time playing outside than children living in an urban environment.