Oostvogel PM ,
Robertson SE ,
Sutter RW ,
Loon AM van
27 p
in Dutch
1993
Toon Nederlands
English Abstract The development of mucosal immunity (MI) is very
important for reducing the replication and circulation of the virus, and
thereby, for the control and eradication of poliomyelitis. Both the
inactivated (IPV) and oral (OPV) poliomyelitis vaccine induce a MI to some
degree. The MI induced by OPV resembles that obtained after natural
infection. It does not confer absolute immunity to reinfection ; around
35% of OPV-vaccinees excrete virus after challenge with OPV. The MI induced
by IPV is less effective. Nevertheless, the magnitude and duration of
virusexcretion are considerably reduced compared with non vaccinated
controls. The differences in MI between IPV and OPV vaccinees are most
outspoken in the gut and less so in the pharinx. So far, studies on MI
mainly focussed on poliovirus type 1, used vaccines (-formulations)
different from those used in the Netherlands and were carried out shortly
after vaccination. Hardly any data exist on the persistance of MI, as well
on MI induced by combined IPV and OPV schemes. Although apparently less
effective in inducing MI, the use of IPV has stopped endemic
viruscirculation in countries like Sweden and the Netherlands. The reason
for this is not quite clear and further indicate that the results of the
(mostly experimental) studies on MI cannot simply be extrapolated to the
current Dutch situation. Further studies are needed to determine the extent
and significance of MI in the Dutch population.
