Vaessen HAMG ,
Ooik A van ,
Tolsma K ,
Loon JW van
20 p
in Dutch
1991
Toon Nederlands
English Abstract Copper, manganese and zinc have been determinated in
108 samples of bread which reflect the bread consumption in the Netherlands
in March 1988. During the period March/April 1989 the bread samples were
collected from retail outlets predominantly located in the province of
Utrecht. Quality assurance included replicate analyses of copper content in
several samples of bread and duplicate analyses of manganese and zinc. Also
for quality assurance, the reference materials Brown Bread of BCR
(EC/Brussels) and Wheat Flour of NIST/Washington DC (USA) were assayed.
Results demonstrate that the data collected are precise and accurate. Mean
level for copper in bread (N=108) is 1.74 mg/kg, for manganese 9 mg/kg and
for zinc 11 mg/kg. The coppper content of the samples ranges from 0.81 -
5.18 mg/kg, for manganese from 2 - 22 mg/kg and for zinc from 4 - 23 mg/kg.
On average, brown bread types contain more copper, manganese and zinc than
white bread types do. Copper and zinc levels are twice as high whereas the
manganese levels differ by a factor of three for this bread types. Bread
consumption in the Netherlands cover, on average, the daily intake of trace
elements of males and females aged 22 years and on of copper for 17 - 23%,
of manganese for 30 - 45% and of zinc for 15 - 45%.