Menkveld M ,
Burger H ,
Heinink H ,
Kaal M ,
Coenen FHJM ,
Veer KA vd
163 p
in Dutch
2002
Toon Nederlands
English Abstract In this project an overview was made of the options for
the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions for different target groups:
utility buildings, households, traffic, waste, energy sector, industry and
glasshouse horticulture businesses. In addition, the instruments are
described that the local governments have at their disposal within the
various task areas: spatial planning, construction and housing, traffic,
environment and local government task management. The options and policy
instruments are set out against each other in a matrix, with the target
groups along one axis and the task areas along the other. The matrix with
combinations of options and instruments forms the overview of the playing
field of local climate policy. The use of options and instruments from the
playing field is examined on the basis of literature and interviews with
local governments. In the process, barriers for the implementation of
options are illustrated. The evaluation of the playing field in practise
shows that local governments often utilise only a part of their playing
field. The importance of climate is not made explicit enough in many task
areas. The options in climate policy for local governments are influenced
by social developments. In the study three trends are examined with respect
to their influence: developments in the area of liberalisation of the energy
market, the position of local governments in national environmental policy
and changes in local democracy. This trends result in a complication of the
role of local governments. In order to reinforce contributions from local
governments to climate policy, a systematic integrative approach is needed.
The ideal model focuses on formulating a so-called climate management
system. Similar to quality and environment management systems, a systematic
introduction of a (climate) interest in a broad field of activities and
decisions are involved. We distinguish some necessary basic steps and
elements. The model of a climate management system was tested by practise.
For the municipalities of Haren, Hengelo and Alkmaar, the use of the playing
field of local climate policy was linked to passing through the steps of a
climate management system and mechanisms of external
integration.
