Coppoolse J ; Bentum F van ; Schwartz MJC ; Annema
JA ; Quarles van Ufford CHA
130 p
in Dutch
1993
Toon Nederlands
English Abstract This document is a product of the SPEED project (Source
reduction cooperation Project aimed at Effective Emission reduction of
Diffuse sources). Emissions in the Netherlands of priority heavy metals of
the Rhine and North Sea action programmes, including Arsenic, to water and
air and reduction measures, especially for diffuse sources, are presented.
The future development of the heavy metal load to surface water is estimated
for three scenarios: (1) autonomous (2) current policy and (3) additional
measures. The goal of the Rhine and North Sea action programme (RAP/NAP) to
reduce the emissions to surface water in 1995 (70% for mercury cadmium and
lead, 50% for the other five metals) will not be realised for mercury,
copper, nickel, zinc and lead. On the long term this goal can be realised
with additional measures. The goal of the North Sea action programme to
reduce the atmospheric emissions with 50% will not be realised for chromium,
copper, nickel, zinc and arsenic. Building material, such as tubing,
galvanised steel and sheet lead, is the major source of heavy metals in
surface water. Only with drastic measures that also need a long time to
implement (substitution of tubing and gutters takes 20 to 40 years)
substantial reduction of the emissions can be realised. Source measures
only are not sufficient. While in the Netherlands there is an elaborate
sewer system, additional measures at municipal treatment plants can
compensate the tempory lack of source measures. Source measures remain
important, because the autonomous growth of diffuse sources cause an
increase of the emissions.
