WEBVTT OTT 1 00:00:05.520 --> 00:00:06.480 align:middle VOICE OVER: For over a hundred years... 2 00:00:06.600 --> 00:00:09.600 align:middle RIVM has beenfighting infectious diseases. 3 00:00:10.000 --> 00:00:12.040 align:middle Many experts are joining forces... 4 00:00:12.160 --> 00:00:15.040 align:middle to get the novel coronavirus under control. 5 00:00:15.160 --> 00:00:16.880 align:middle This isn't the first time. 6 00:00:17.000 --> 00:00:21.640 align:middle This virus is preceded by a long history of epidemics and pandemics. 7 00:00:29.360 --> 00:00:33.400 align:middle RIVM assisted local authorities in the fight against the Spanish flu. 8 00:00:33.520 --> 00:00:38.880 align:middle The death toll from that disease was between 40 and 50 million worldwide. 9 00:00:38.720 --> 00:00:40.920 align:middle It was the great pandemic of the last century. 10 00:00:47.960 --> 00:00:52.000 align:middle In 1965, at its own Central Smallpox Vaccine Laboratory... 11 00:00:52.160 --> 00:00:57.280 align:middle RIVM produced 5 million vaccine doses, enough to supply many countries... 12 00:00:57.400 --> 00:01:00.120 align:middle with vaccines and save countless lives. 13 00:01:00.240 --> 00:01:05.720 align:middle In 1969, RIVM was designated an international reference laboratory... 14 00:01:05.840 --> 00:01:07.360 align:middle for the smallpox vaccine. 15 00:01:07.480 --> 00:01:11.160 align:middle Ten years later, the laboratory had made itself obsolete. 16 00:01:11.280 --> 00:01:14.880 align:middle Smallpox had been eradicated worldwide. 17 00:01:15.000 --> 00:01:18.720 align:middle In 1981, the smallpox virus samples were transferred... 18 00:01:18.840 --> 00:01:20.640 align:middle from the RIVM laboratory... 19 00:01:20.760 --> 00:01:25.040 align:middle to the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia (USA). 20 00:01:25.160 --> 00:01:30.160 align:middle The CDC preserves samples of the smallpox virus from all around the world. 21 00:01:35.720 --> 00:01:39.200 align:middle ROEL COUTINHO: One thing we all know for certain is... 22 00:01:39.320 --> 00:01:40.440 align:middle that there will definitely be a novel influenza virus. 23 00:01:40.560 --> 00:01:42.200 align:middle A pandemic involving a new flu virus. 24 00:01:42.320 --> 00:01:43.720 align:middle We just don't know when. 25 00:01:43.840 --> 00:01:46.360 align:middle VOICE OVER: On Queen's Day in 2009... 26 00:01:46.480 --> 00:01:48.960 align:middle a three-year-old child who had been in Mexico... 27 00:01:49.080 --> 00:01:51.680 align:middle turned out to be infected with the new virus. 28 00:01:51.800 --> 00:01:57.640 align:middle She was the first patient in the Netherlands with the H1N1 virus from Mexico. 29 00:01:57.760 --> 00:02:00.840 align:middle Over one month later, the World Health Organization... 30 00:02:00.960 --> 00:02:05.080 align:middle declared that the outbreak of this new flu virus was a pandemic. 31 00:02:05.200 --> 00:02:09.480 align:middle Roel Coutinho and other experts from RIVM and elsewhere... 32 00:02:09.600 --> 00:02:11.680 align:middle advised the Dutch national government. 33 00:02:11.800 --> 00:02:16.360 align:middle Back then, too, the experts of that Outbreak Management Team worked... 34 00:02:16.480 --> 00:02:18.640 align:middle around the clock to fight the disease. 35 00:02:18.760 --> 00:02:20.280 align:middle Later that year, the Netherlands bought... 36 00:02:20.400 --> 00:02:24.720 align:middle large supplies of the H1N1 vaccine, which had since become available. 37 00:02:24.840 --> 00:02:27.920 align:middle RIVM coordinated the vaccination of pregnant women... 38 00:02:28.040 --> 00:02:31.880 align:middle healthcare workers and the target groups for the ordinary flu vaccine. 39 00:02:32.000 --> 00:02:35.840 align:middle In hindsight, the impact of the virus was less severe than feared. 40 00:02:35.960 --> 00:02:40.920 align:middle To this day, it remains one of the flu variants that flares up every year during flu season. 41 00:02:47.720 --> 00:02:51.320 align:middle As the face of RIVM's Centre for Infectious Disease Control... 42 00:02:51.440 --> 00:02:53.680 align:middle Jaap van Dissel is often in the media... 43 00:02:53.800 --> 00:02:56.760 align:middle explaining recommendations and answering questions. 44 00:02:56.880 --> 00:02:59.200 align:middle JAAP VAN DISSEL: And what I'd like to do over the next few minutes... 45 00:02:59.320 --> 00:03:04.600 align:middle is walk you through some research studies that we discussed in the OMT. 46 00:03:04.720 --> 00:03:06.880 align:middle A number of them published by RIVM. 47 00:03:07.000 --> 00:03:11.160 align:middle To show you what the decisions are based on. 48 00:03:11.280 --> 00:03:14.680 align:middle VOICE OVER: RIVM also utilises other expertise. 49 00:03:14.800 --> 00:03:16.880 align:middle Like knowledge about human behaviour... 50 00:03:17.000 --> 00:03:19.960 align:middle and well-being in relation to the corona measures... 51 00:03:20.080 --> 00:03:22.720 align:middle and the quality of our living environment. 52 00:03:22.840 --> 00:03:26.760 align:middle What, for example, will ensure that we can keep maintaining these measures? 53 00:03:26.880 --> 00:03:30.080 align:middle We don't really know where this pandemic is going to go from here. 54 00:03:30.200 --> 00:03:34.640 align:middle Whatever the case, COVID-19 is having a huge impact on everyone. 55 00:03:34.760 --> 00:03:38.680 align:middle The people at RIVM are dedicated to do everything that must be done... 56 00:03:38.800 --> 00:03:40.080 align:middle ...to fight pandemics. 57 00:03:40.200 --> 00:03:40.840 align:middle Now... 58 00:03:40.960 --> 00:03:42.360 align:middle a hundred years ago... 59 00:03:42.480 --> 00:03:43.640 align:middle and in the future.