In the Netherlands and worldwide, the climate is changing. Over the past century, the average temperature has risen, the amount and intensity of precipitation have increased and extremely hot weather has become more frequent. Climate change affects many areas, such as agriculture, the spread of pathogens, the supply of drinking water and flood protection. Moreover, climate change has been called one of the greatest health threats of the 21st century. The health effects of climate change, such as heat stress, more allergic symptoms and the spread of water and vector-related diseases can have both social and economic impacts. 

Within the RIVM's Healthy Urban Living programme, knowledge about healthy living in a healthy  environment is used for practical solutions . The goal of this study is to provide insight into the concept of a healthy city and the healthy city approach.

Climate change, soil pollution and the shortage of natural resources create challenges in meeting high standards for soil and water systems management. Dutch subsoil is even more intensely used. To keep ahead of these challenges RIVM supports authorities in making regulations for integral and future use.