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You searched for these word(s): virusWhat is an antibody?
https://www.rivm.nl/en/pienter-corona-study/antibodies… When you are infected with a virus, your body responds by producing antibodies. Your body … antibodies after vaccination. Antibodies recognise the virus and help your body fight it. The immune system in your … of them recognises intruders, including various types of viruses and bacteria that can make us ill. The immune system …
Publication date: 04-29-2021Rubella
https://www.rivm.nl/en/rubella… or three-day measles. The disease is caused by the rubella virus. It spreads through droplets in the air, for example … by coughing or sneezing. Thanks to vaccinations, the virus is extremely rare in the Netherlands. The rubella virus is dangerous during pregnancy, and can cause major …
Publication date: 12-01-2025Hepatitis B
https://www.rivm.nl/en/hepatitis-b… Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by a virus. The hepatitis B virus can cause inflammation of the liver. Some hepatitis B … of the liver. The risk of this depends on how active the virus was and on the patient’s immune response. People who … or birth. The risk of this depends on how active the virus is during pregnancy. Most babies who are exposed do …
Publication date: 09-09-2025Genital herpes
https://www.rivm.nl/en/genital-herpes… The disease is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are different types of this virus. Genital herpes can be caused by HSV types 1 and 2. … People often do not know that they are carrying the herpes virus, since most infections are asymptomatic. This makes it …
Publication date: 07-18-2024HIV
https://www.rivm.nl/en/hiv… HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is a virus that weakens the human immune system. HIV is a … hardly any symptoms at all for several years. However, the virus is still present in your body. In this period, you … HIV is receiving proper treatment, they cannot transmit the virus to others. The risk of HIV is higher during anal sex …
Publication date: 08-07-2025Infectious diseases spread by mosquitos
https://www.rivm.nl/en/mosquitos/infectious-diseases… The late summer of 2020 marked the first time the West Nile virus was found in a person who had contracted the virus in the Netherlands. You are much more likely to be … West Nile fever West Nile fever is caused by the West Nile virus, which can be found in birds and is transmitted by …
Publication date: 08-04-2022Ebola
https://www.rivm.nl/en/ebola… can cause bleeding in the body. The official name is Ebola virus disease, formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever. It is caused by the Ebola virus. So far, Ebola has only occurred in parts of Africa. … is higher than 95%. How does Ebola spread? The Ebola virus can be spread through bodily fluids. This includes: …
Publication date: 08-06-2014Lassa fever
https://www.rivm.nl/en/topics/lassa-fever… found in West Africa. The disease is caused by the Lassa virus. Most people do not develop any symptoms at all after exposure to the Lassa virus. Some patients do become seriously ill and can even … About 80% of people exposed to the Lassa virus do not have any symptoms. If there are symptoms, they …
Publication date: 11-25-2025How the coronavirus spreads indoors
https://www.rivm.nl/en/coronavirus-covid-19/research/how-the-coronavirus-spreads-indoors… RIVM and UMC Groningen will be measuring how the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spreads in an indoor space. The study will also look at how far the virus can spread and whether the virus particles are still contagious over longer distances. … International research shows that the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 can, in certain situations, be transmitted …
Publication date: 06-09-2021Hepatitis B vaccination upon request
https://www.rivm.nl/en/hepatitis-b/vaccination-upon-request… Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by a virus. The virus can cause inflammation of the liver. A vaccination … B before, since you already have antibodies against the virus in your body. If you are not sure if you have had … against hepatitis B, you are protected against the virus for the rest of your life. It is very unlikely that …
Publication date: 09-09-2025Dr. P. B. (Puck) van Kasteren
https://www.rivm.nl/en/about-rivm/knowledge-and-expertise/experts-and-expertise/puck-van-kasteren… mechanisms underlying protection from respiratory viruses such as RSV, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza. Her research … on i) Fc-mediated antibody effector functions and ii) virus-host interaction at the respiratory epithelium. For … mechanisms underlying (protection from) severe virus-mediated respiratory disease is essential for the …
Publication date: 09-28-2022RIVM virologist Chantal Reusken appointed professor at Utrecht University
https://www.rivm.nl/en/news/rivm-virologist-chantal-reusken-appointed-professor-at-utrecht-university… As of 1 June 2025, she is a professor of Emerging Viruses in One Health Context at the Faculty of Veterinary … contributes to a strong, multidisciplinary approach to viruses that threaten animal and human health. … major threat to human health: an estimated 80% of emerging viruses in humans are of animal origin. Reusken’s chair …
Publication date: 06-03-2025Research on families and young people
https://www.rivm.nl/en/coronavirus-covid-19/research/families-and-young-people… in the Netherlands where someone has contracted the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Through our ‘First Few Hundred’ study we … takes to recover, and how people build up immunity to the virus. In addition, we want to know how the virus spreads within a family and if children also pass the …
Publication date: 05-13-2020Prof. C.B.E.M. (Chantal) Reusken
https://www.rivm.nl/en/about-rivm/knowledge-and-expertise/experts-and-expertise/prof-cbem-chantal-reusken… virologist, researcher and expert in the field of emerging viruses, with a focus on viruses that are transmitted by animals, mosquitoes, midges, … of RIVM. Furthermore, she works as professor in “Emerging Viruses in One Health Context” at the faculty of Veterinary …
Publication date: 12-22-2025Respiratory infections now in season
https://www.rivm.nl/en/news/respiratory-infections-now-in-season-2025… cause a respiratory infection. That includes the influenza virus (flu), the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). We are currently seeing an … were still detecting many cases involving the influenza virus. During the flu epidemic, there were elevated numbers …
Publication date: 10-03-2025Flu
https://www.rivm.nl/en/flu-and-flu-vaccine/flu… the respiratory system. It is caused by the influenza (flu) virus. … usually lasts for 3 to 5 days. Not everyone who has a flu virus infection will also become ill. Who can become very … have a higher risk of becoming seriously ill from the flu virus. They may have severe shortness of breath or develop …
Publication date: 03-16-2023Dr. T. (Teun) Guichelaar
https://www.rivm.nl/en/about-rivm/knowledge-and-expertise/experts-and-expertise/teun-guichelaar… and on the induction of antibodies to respiratory viruses such as Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). … of aging on immune regulation and immunity to respiratory viruses, at the National Institute for Public Health and The … against infection with human respiratory syncytial virus at advanced age. Guichelaar T, Hoeboer J, …
Publication date: 09-28-2022Hepatitis A
https://www.rivm.nl/en/hepatitis-a… A is an inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus. It usually causes a mild course of illness. Hepatitis … hepatitis A? In children up to 6 years old, the hepatitis A virus causes almost no symptoms. Adults can also have a very … A will have all these symptoms. In very rare cases, the virus can cause life-threatening illness. Hepatitis A does …
Publication date: 10-21-2013Chickenpox
https://www.rivm.nl/en/chickenpox… is an infectious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. It spreads very easily. It causes an itchy, … had chickenpox once cannot get it again. However, the virus does stay present in the spinal cord. For people who have had chickenpox, the virus could cause problems again at a later age. If that …
Publication date: 08-19-2025Hepatitis
https://www.rivm.nl/en/hepatitis… is an inflammation of the liver. It may be caused by a virus. In that case, we call it ‘viral hepatitis’. The most … B. Hepatitis may also be caused by something other than a virus. Toxic substances, medication or autoimmune diseases … possible causes. It is often caused by a specific hepatitis virus, but for these children this is not the case. We do …
Publication date: 05-11-2022