Recent research highlights the complexities surrounding the regulation of manufactured multicomponent nanomaterials (MCNMs) under the European chemicals’ regulation REACH. Although most of these materials are covered by REACH and its nano-specific updates, uncertainties remain regarding their categorisation and assessment. More precise definitions and guidelines are needed to ensure safe and sustainable management of these advanced materials as technology evolves.

Researchers have developed an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) that describes how nanomaterials (NMs) can compromise the gut’s protective barrier, leading to a “leaky gut”. The AOP outlines the biological mechanisms through which ingested NMs can harm intestinal integrity and increase permeability. Despite existing uncertainties and knowledge gaps, the AOP and associated testing methods are relevant for the risk assessment of NMs.

Recent advancements in recycling technologies for carbon nanotubes and epoxy resins show promise in enhancing their sustainability and reusability. By focusing on innovative bonding techniques, researchers are tackling the complex challenges associated with recycling these strong materials, paving the way for a more efficient circular economy.

The EU Innovation Network of regulators has released a Horizon Scanning Report on Nanomedicines, highlighting key trends, challenges and recommendations for regulatory collaboration. It emphasises the growing applications of nanotechnology in medicine and the need for improved regulatory frameworks. A new platform for regulatory science research is set to launch in 2025, aimed at enhancing dialogue between researchers and regulators. This call for regulatory preparedness aligns with similar recommendations and initiatives in the field of nanomaterials.

The UK government hosted two workshops to promote collaboration on the safe and sustainable development of advanced materials. These events brought together diverse stakeholders to share insights and shape relevant policies. Attendees highlighted the need for regulatory definitions, standards and test methods, and incentives to stimulate safe and sustainable development (SSbD) of advanced materials. In particular, there was a call for training small and medium enterprises (SMEs) on the SSbD concept and tools available for implementation. In addition, RIVM identified a need for improved integration of sustainability aspects like durability, reusability, and recyclability into SSbD approaches.

Early4AdMa is an early awareness and action system for identifying emerging issues of advanced materials. Its first application on nanocarriers has revealed several potential issues for nanocarrier materials. These include the applicability of current regulations regarding nanocarriers. In various chemical domains this needs to be critically assessed in more detail. Further, research activities should focus on the carrier’s influence on the active ingredient. What happens to the carrier itself after its work is done also requires attention. Overall, the workshop results demonstrate that the Early4AdMa system may help to identify potential issues with safety, sustainability, and regulation. Provided that these issues are addressed through follow-up actions, this may help regulatory preparedness and contribute to safer materials.

Electronic waste (e-waste) is a valuable source of precious and rare metals. Recycling of e-waste is an essential step towards sustainability. Scientists are currently studying methods to convert the metals present in e-waste into nanoparticles. However, it is important to consider the possible risks associated with this process to maximise its positive environmental impact.

Danish researchers assessed recommendations for adjustments to legislation for nanomaterials published in 2004. While many of these recommendations were partly or fully met, some legislation still needs adjustments for nanomaterials. For example, the definition of nanomaterials differs between legislations. Additionally, instruments to measure nanomaterials and test methods require further development to meet regulatory requirements and enable enforcement. Advanced materials may pose additional challenges in risk assessment. The legislation amendments for nanomaterials may not necessarily identify potential hazards and risks for advanced materials.

Respirable rigid fibres are considered more hazardous than non-rigid fibres. However, there is currently no standardised method to measure fibre rigidity. A new approach uses techniques to identify changes at the molecular level in cells. This approach can distinguish between different types of carbonaceous materials. The researchers could tell the difference between rigid fibres, non-rigid fibres, and non-fibrous carbonaceous materials. For this they looked at which biological pathways were affected. This method will help group different types of fibres into hazard categories based on their rigidity.

Bioaccumulation assessment of nanomaterials cannot be done using the equilibrium partitioning method commonly used for organic chemicals. Therefore, the current guidance on bioaccumulation assessment is not suitable for nanomaterials. To address this issue, the OECD has proposed a tiered approach designed specifically for nanomaterials. This approach is tailored for metallic and metal oxide particles but can likely be extended to other advanced (nano)materials as well.