Recent research highlights the complexities surrounding the regulation of manufactured multicomponent nanomaterials (MCNMs) under the European chemicals’ regulation REACH. Although most of these materials are covered by REACH and its nano-specific updates, uncertainties remain regarding their categorisation and assessment. More precise definitions and guidelines are needed to ensure safe and sustainable management of these advanced materials as technology evolves.

Researchers have developed an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) that describes how nanomaterials (NMs) can compromise the gut’s protective barrier, leading to a “leaky gut”. The AOP outlines the biological mechanisms through which ingested NMs can harm intestinal integrity and increase permeability. Despite existing uncertainties and knowledge gaps, the AOP and associated testing methods are relevant for the risk assessment of NMs.

Recent advancements in recycling technologies for carbon nanotubes and epoxy resins show promise in enhancing their sustainability and reusability. By focusing on innovative bonding techniques, researchers are tackling the complex challenges associated with recycling these strong materials, paving the way for a more efficient circular economy.

The EU Innovation Network of regulators has released a Horizon Scanning Report on Nanomedicines, highlighting key trends, challenges and recommendations for regulatory collaboration. It emphasises the growing applications of nanotechnology in medicine and the need for improved regulatory frameworks. A new platform for regulatory science research is set to launch in 2025, aimed at enhancing dialogue between researchers and regulators. This call for regulatory preparedness aligns with similar recommendations and initiatives in the field of nanomaterials.

The UK government hosted two workshops to promote collaboration on the safe and sustainable development of advanced materials. These events brought together diverse stakeholders to share insights and shape relevant policies. Attendees highlighted the need for regulatory definitions, standards and test methods, and incentives to stimulate safe and sustainable development (SSbD) of advanced materials. In particular, there was a call for training small and medium enterprises (SMEs) on the SSbD concept and tools available for implementation. In addition, RIVM identified a need for improved integration of sustainability aspects like durability, reusability, and recyclability into SSbD approaches.

The European Commission (EC) intends to establish a digital infrastructure for advanced materials called the ‘Materials Commons’. This initiative intends to enhance the design, development, and testing of advanced materials. A key aspect of the platform will involve the use of artificial intelligence tools, which can potentially be used for optimized hazard and risk assessment of advanced materials.

A recent critical perspective argues that nanomaterials should be regulated as biological rather than chemical entities. The researchers emphasise the importance of using existing knowledge about the biological interactions of nanomaterials and their impact on human health and the environment. The authors list various well-known challenges regarding the safety assessment of nanomaterials.

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has introduced new guidance for evaluating nanoparticles in food that may dissolve in lipids before consumption. By using the 1-octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) method nanospecific considerations for safety assessments may potentially be waived.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2), previously banned as a food additive (E 171) in 2022 due to safety concerns, is used in medicines as an excipient. French scientists have estimated the intake of TiO2 from oral medications, finding that 54% contained TiO2, with an average daily intake of 1.71 mg. This is lower compared to the exposure from food when E 171 was still allowed.

Ex vivo exposure of human placentas to realistic concentrations of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicium dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles affect placental protein secretion, which slowed the growth of new blood vessels in an in vitro model. Current regulatory guidelines do not sufficiently address placental toxicity, highlighting the need for improved testing methods to evaluate the reproductive and developmental toxicity of nanomaterials.