Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that can be transmitted through sexual contact. The virus can cause various forms of cancer. The HPV vaccination gives you effective protection against HPV infection. Everyone aged 18 years and under can be vaccinated against HPV free of charge through the National Immunisation Programme. People over 18 can be vaccinated at their own request.
Which HPV vaccine is available?
Two HPV vaccines are authorised in the Netherlands:
- Cervarix (see package leaflet): protects against HPV types 16 and 18
- Gardasil 9 (see package leaflet): protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58
All two vaccines are suitable for people aged 9 years and older.
Who could benefit from vaccination against HPV?
HPV vaccination is mainly useful for people under 26 years. The vaccine is most effective in young people who were not infected with HPV before vaccination. In some cases, people may also benefit from HPV vaccination at a later age. Discuss the options with your GP.
How effective is the HPV vaccine?
The HPV vaccine contains synthetic particles of HPV types 16 and 18. You cannot get an HPV infection from the vaccine. After vaccination, your body makes antibodies against HPV types 16 and 18. You will also have some protection against several other types of HPV. HPV vaccination is most effective when you have two vaccine doses. The second dose should be at least six months after the first, and preferably within one year. People who are less resistant to infection need three doses. Talk to your doctor about whether this applies to you.
The vaccine offers around 90% protection against cervical cancer. This has been shown by research in the Netherlands, the UK, Denmark and Sweden. Because vaccines never offer 100% protection, it is still important to have a smear test if you are invited to take part in the cervical cancer screening programme.
The vaccination works best if it is given before a person becomes sexually active. Even if you are already sexually active, the vaccination can help to prevent HPV-related cancer.
What are possible side effects of vaccination against HPV?
The safety of the HPV vaccine has been tested extensively. Like all other vaccines that have been approved for use in the Netherlands, it was found to be safe. The HPV vaccine can cause mild side effects. This is normal and can be expected after all vaccinations. Examples include redness, pain and swelling at the injection site. Other than that, the most common side effects are:
- stomach pain
- nausea
- tiredness
- headache
- fever
Most symptoms are mild and go away on their own. There have never been serious, permanent side effects reported to have been caused by the HPV vaccine. For a complete overview of the side effects, see the vaccine package leaflet. Or visit the website of the Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb.
Is vaccination against HPV covered by insurance?
Vaccination against HPV is not covered by basic health insurance. If you opt to be vaccinated against HPV, and are over 18, you will need to pay for it yourself.
Where can I get a vaccination against HPV?
You can be vaccinated against HPV by a doctor, your GP, the Municipal Public Health Services (GGDs) or at a vaccination centre.