The Montreal Protocol primarily aims to protect the ozone layer, but also contributes to reducing climate change.  

Alternatives are available for many applications that previously used CFCs or HCFCs or still use HFCs. For example, iso-butane is used in refrigerators for households in Europe for many years now; a hydrocarbon that does not affect the ozone layer and has no greenhouse effect. Other hydrocarbons, as well as ammonia and CO2, are used as refrigerant in cooling systems as well.

HFCs are hydrocarbons with one or more hydrogen atom replaced by a fluorine atom. They do not contain chlorine or bromine and are therefore not harmful to the ozone layer.

HFCs are potent greenhouse gases because they absorb infrared radiation and because they have relatively long atmospheric lifetimes.

In recent years measures have been taken in some regions in the world to reduce the use of HFCs.