Polar aprotic solvents (PAS) are liquid substances that are used on a wide scale in, for instance, the chemical industry. Some of these PASPolar aprotic solvents, namely NMPN-methylpyrrolidon, DMACDimethylaceetamide DMFDimethylformamide are toxic (for reproduction) but are used on a large scale. Safe alternatives are needed. Previous research by Wageningen University and Research has identified nineteen (emerging) bio-based groups of substances that may be expected to (partly) take over the role of PASPolar aprotic solvents . RIVM has screened the safety of thirteen of these substances.