Recent research highlights the complexities surrounding the regulation of manufactured multicomponent nanomaterials (MCNMs) under the European chemicals’ regulation REACH. Although most of these materials are covered by REACH and its nano-specific updates, uncertainties remain regarding their categorisation and assessment. More precise definitions and guidelines are needed to ensure safe and sustainable management of these advanced materials as technology evolves.

Researchers have developed an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) that describes how nanomaterials (NMs) can compromise the gut’s protective barrier, leading to a “leaky gut”. The AOP outlines the biological mechanisms through which ingested NMs can harm intestinal integrity and increase permeability. Despite existing uncertainties and knowledge gaps, the AOP and associated testing methods are relevant for the risk assessment of NMs.

Recent advancements in recycling technologies for carbon nanotubes and epoxy resins show promise in enhancing their sustainability and reusability. By focusing on innovative bonding techniques, researchers are tackling the complex challenges associated with recycling these strong materials, paving the way for a more efficient circular economy.

The EU Innovation Network of regulators has released a Horizon Scanning Report on Nanomedicines, highlighting key trends, challenges and recommendations for regulatory collaboration. It emphasises the growing applications of nanotechnology in medicine and the need for improved regulatory frameworks. A new platform for regulatory science research is set to launch in 2025, aimed at enhancing dialogue between researchers and regulators. This call for regulatory preparedness aligns with similar recommendations and initiatives in the field of nanomaterials.

The UK government hosted two workshops to promote collaboration on the safe and sustainable development of advanced materials. These events brought together diverse stakeholders to share insights and shape relevant policies. Attendees highlighted the need for regulatory definitions, standards and test methods, and incentives to stimulate safe and sustainable development (SSbD) of advanced materials. In particular, there was a call for training small and medium enterprises (SMEs) on the SSbD concept and tools available for implementation. In addition, RIVM identified a need for improved integration of sustainability aspects like durability, reusability, and recyclability into SSbD approaches.

The U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative has updated its Environmental Health and Safety strategy to address ongoing challenges and emerging nanotechnology applications. The strategy emphasises responsible innovation and highlights the need for collaborative actions to address concerns related to the impact of engineered nanomaterials on human health and the environment.

Scientists from the public, private and philanthropic sectors involved in the Nano4EARTH initiative have identified key research directions to maximise the impact of nanotechnology in addressing climate change. They focus on enhancing energy storage, reducing industrial carbon emissions and improving efficiency in industrial processes.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a groundbreaking delivery system for mRNA vaccines, such as those used for COVID-19. Now, they are pivotal in developing a range of new vaccines and gene therapies. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the European Pharmacopoeia are actively updating guidelines and quality requirements to ensure the safe and effective use of LNP-based medicine.

A recent EU ON opinion highlights the potential of advanced materials to support sustainability goals while acknowledging their human health and environmental risks. The European Commission’s 2024 communication emphasises the need for Safe-and-Sustainable-by-Design (SSbD) principles to ensure safety and sustainability.

The degradation of two-dimensional (2D) materials throughout their life cycle can result in the formation of degradation products with different properties and effects on human health and the environment than the original materials.