Abstract

The air we breathe contains billions of miniscule invisible plastic particles, microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs). Too small to see, yet all around us. These tiny fragments of plastic originate from various sources and are part of particulate matter. Studies have demonstrated that we ingest these microplastics through our food. In addition, more research reveals that we are also exposed to them through the air we breathe. However, the negative impact of these plastic particles on our health, animals, and the environment is not yet fully understood.

In this knowledge brief, we summarise what is currently known concerning exposure to microplastics through the air. There is still much that we do not know. Most experimental studies assess the effects of short-term exposure to large quantities of microplastics. Yet we are constantly inhaling small quantities over the long term. Moreover, microplastic emissions in the Netherlands have only been examined on a small scale. To really understand the impact of microplastics on human health, we need to conduct more research. This includes research into the effects of exposure to microplastics in combination with other hazardous substances in the air.

The benefits of using polymers mean that we cannot live without plastics. We therefore need to make wise choices. Which plastics do we allow to be used? Which plastics are fully biodegradable or reusable? We need more knowledge to develop effective policy, address concerns and assess the risks.

This knowledge brief is a translation of the Dutch knowledge brief: Microplastics in de lucht.